About VanderHouwen. VanderHouwen is an award-winning, Women-Owned, WBENC certified professional staffing firm. Founded in 1987, VanderHouwen has been successfully. Guides and Sample Code Search Guides and Sample Code Documents. Copyright © 2016 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. If you have architecture flaws like those in Hillary email server you are royally f*cked no matter how hard you try to patch individual vulnerabilities. Even more » Account Options. Sign in; Search settings. Ben introduces the Python Programming course. We take a quick look at the features of Python and discuss the ways it's used. We then talk about where Python falls on.![]()
List of companies in Dubai Airport Freezone,Dafza company list,List of companies in DAFZA,Dubai Airport Freezone Dafza company directory,Dafz companies list. Potential Building Block of Alien Life Spotted in Titan's Atmosphere. Saturn’s moon Titan is a world of contrast; both eerily familiar and strikingly alien. Its calm seas and enormous sand dunes might remind you of Earth, until you learn that what’s flowing across Titan’s surface is not water, but liquid hydrocarbons. Titan’s nitrogen- rich atmosphere seems to have some of the ingredients for biology, but any life forms evolved to thrive at temperatures of - 2. Fahrenheit would be practically unrecognizable. A new scientific paper supports the idea that life might exist on Titan, but that it would be nothing like life as we know it. After studying spectroscopic data collected by the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub millimeter Array (ALMA) in northern Chile, researchers are now reporting that Titan’s atmosphere is rife with vinyl cyanide, a molecule that could, in theory, form “cell- like” membranes under the moon’s unique environmental conditions. ![]() In fact, based on the levels of vinyl cyanide present in Titan’s atmosphere, its seas could—in theory, we’re not saying there are aliens—be bubbling with tiny cell membranes, with concentrations similar to those of bacteria in Earth’s oceans. The membranes that enclose the cells of all living things here on Earth are made of phospholipids, molecules with long, non- polar (water- repelling) “tails” and polar (water- loving) heads. If you remember high school biology, you’ll know that phospholipids form a bi- layer, with the water- loving parts on the outside, and the water- repelling bits on the inside. This structure allows membranes to bubble off tiny pockets of water from their surroundings, creating cells that house genetic material and support biochemical reactions. I find that possibility fascinating.”That’s all well and good for organisms evolved to thrive in the temperate, liquid water seas here on Earth, but the membranes our biology uses simply wouldn’t work in the cryogenic methane seas of Titan. Two years back, researchers at Cornell University used chemical models to attempt to answer that very question. Through those models, they produced a functional cell membrane that remained stable and flexible at incredibly low temperatures, using none other than C2. H3. CN, or vinyl cyanide. They called their hypothetical alien cell an “azotosome.”“What makes vinyl cyanide potentially useful molecule for this is that it’s amphiphilic—it has a polar and a non polar end,” just like our membranes’ phospholipids, Maureen Palmer, a recent graduate of St. Olaf College and lead author on the new study, explained. Sure enough, they found compelling evidence that large amounts of vinyl cyanide are present in Titan’s atmosphere—mainly, at altitudes greater than 2. The research was published today in Scientific Reports. When I sent the paper to Jonathan Lunine, Cornell astronomer and co- author on the 2. Titan’s atmosphere.”Of course, life as we know it would be more likely to emerge in the vast seas on Titan’s surface than high up in the sky. But as Palmer and her colleagues point out, rainfall is constantly transporting organic compounds to Titan’s surface—and those could include vinyl cyanide. Palmer agreed.“I’m hoping someone will do a study of trying to form the membranes in the lab, seeing if they’re actually able to form,” she said. Her co- authors are currently trying to better constrain the abundance and distribution of vinyl cyanide in Titan’s atmosphere—this first paper was just a rough look. They’re also searching for evidence of other biologically- relevant molecules on Titan. Also this week, another team of scientists reported the detection of . Palmer is definitely rooting for a lander.“I love Titan,” Palmer said. It would be a totally different form of biochemistry, if there was life on Titan. I find that possibility fascinating.”.
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